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Comentadas sobre interpretação de texto | reading comprehension em inglês
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THANKSGIVING FOOD REVEALS A LOT ABOUT THE COUNTRY
What was on the table at the first Thanksgiving?
Much of the way that Americans remember the first Thanksgiving in its elementary school presentation is a myth. There were complex relationships among the British colonists and the Wampanoag Indigenous people they encountered, and later fought against, in what is today southeast Massachusetts. The idea of a huge breast-forward turkey and apple pie on those original tables is also a myth.
There are two primary-source historical records that give us a clue as to what was part of the 1621 feast. They suggest that the feast likely consisted of wild turkey and other fowl, venison, cod, bass, and corn. These are foods that would have been indigenous to the Americas, and the Northeast in particular, before the so-called Columbian Exchange that promoted cross-fertilization between the Americas on the one hand and Europe, Asia, and Africa on the other.
Apple pie, for example, wouldn't have been there because apples' botanical origin is in central Asia. They had barely been brought to the Americas by the time of the 1621 feast.
How did Thanksgiving evolve into the holiday it is today?
After that first Thanksgiving, the event receded from memory for two centuries. Then, in the early 1800s, some shaky historical evidence of that 17th century meal was unearthed. Amid a lot of tension over slavery and immigration, some leaders sought to elevate the bit of Colonial history as a unifying project that could bring a divided nation together. From there, the influence of home economics, advertising, industrial food production, animal science, factory farm breeding, and other transformations have made the Thanksgiving meal into one of abundance, standardization, and shortcut home cooking.
Sarah Josepha Hale, the editor of a very popular women's magazine called Godey's Lady's Book, wanted to create a Thanksgiving celebration as a project of national unity. For many years, she petitioned sitting presidents to make Thanksgiving a national holiday. She finally succeeded with Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War, when he passed the Thanksgiving Proclamation in October 1863.
Lincoln doesn't actually reference the 1621 event at all, but he suggested that the Thanksgiving holiday was about national unity in the midst of the Civil War—a project I think we can all get behind.
Why are foods such as turkey, stuffing, cranberry sauce, and pumpkin pie Thanksgiving dinner staples?
Godey's Lady's Book was a major platform for Hale's advocacy on behalf of Thanksgiving, and the magazine published recipes and suggestions for ways readers could celebrate the holiday, even before it was official. Many of the Thanksgiving foods recommended in the magazine were those that have become very popular: roast turkey, herbed dressing, creamed onions, mashed potatoes.
American food tastes became more standardized around the turn of the 20th century with the rise of the field of home economics. Fannie Farmer's Boston Cooking School was a leading precursor of the movement. A November 1908 issue of the Boston Cooking-School Magazine, for example, featured dishes ideal for Thanksgiving, such as roast chickens, a garnish of fresh cranberries on the stem, and mashed potatoes.
Some popular foods, like pumpkins and cranberries, do
have some links to Indigenous foods with botanical
origins in the Americas. They became much more
available due to the rise of companies that produced and
processed these products.
Why is food such an important part of Thanksgiving?
First, at least in much of the US, it's one of the last fall
holidays before winter begins. We acknowledge the
fleeting harvest and the dark days to come. Even in a
modern society where food is plentiful, it harkens back to
the period in all of the preceding human history when
winter was a time of scarce resources and often of
hunger. So filling up with good food with what remained
from the end-of-summer and fall harvests was a way to
celebrate.
Thanksgiving is one of the few remaining occasions on which many people cook meals at home—even if they're often relying on mixes and packaged ingredients. The need to coordinate oven schedules, to give real thought to thawing times, to prep ingredients in advance, to devote significant time to cooking—this is all the kind of labor, especially women's labor, that had long been the mainstay of the American kitchen. In this way, food as part of Thanksgiving connects us back to the full spectrum of experience around cooking.
Judge the excerpts from the text
Acesso em: https://tinyurl.com/mr2ndhcp
From the text, it can be inferred that the modern emphasis on convenience in Thanksgiving cooking is disconnected from the traditional labor-intensive practices of the past.
THANKSGIVING FOOD REVEALS A LOT ABOUT THE COUNTRY
What was on the table at the first Thanksgiving?
Much of the way that Americans remember the first Thanksgiving in its elementary school presentation is a myth. There were complex relationships among the British colonists and the Wampanoag Indigenous people they encountered, and later fought against, in what is today southeast Massachusetts. The idea of a huge breast-forward turkey and apple pie on those original tables is also a myth.
There are two primary-source historical records that give us a clue as to what was part of the 1621 feast. They suggest that the feast likely consisted of wild turkey and other fowl, venison, cod, bass, and corn. These are foods that would have been indigenous to the Americas, and the Northeast in particular, before the so-called Columbian Exchange that promoted cross-fertilization between the Americas on the one hand and Europe, Asia, and Africa on the other.
Apple pie, for example, wouldn't have been there because apples' botanical origin is in central Asia. They had barely been brought to the Americas by the time of the 1621 feast.
How did Thanksgiving evolve into the holiday it is today?
After that first Thanksgiving, the event receded from memory for two centuries. Then, in the early 1800s, some shaky historical evidence of that 17th century meal was unearthed. Amid a lot of tension over slavery and immigration, some leaders sought to elevate the bit of Colonial history as a unifying project that could bring a divided nation together. From there, the influence of home economics, advertising, industrial food production, animal science, factory farm breeding, and other transformations have made the Thanksgiving meal into one of abundance, standardization, and shortcut home cooking.
Sarah Josepha Hale, the editor of a very popular women's magazine called Godey's Lady's Book, wanted to create a Thanksgiving celebration as a project of national unity. For many years, she petitioned sitting presidents to make Thanksgiving a national holiday. She finally succeeded with Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War, when he passed the Thanksgiving Proclamation in October 1863.
Lincoln doesn't actually reference the 1621 event at all, but he suggested that the Thanksgiving holiday was about national unity in the midst of the Civil War—a project I think we can all get behind.
Why are foods such as turkey, stuffing, cranberry sauce, and pumpkin pie Thanksgiving dinner staples?
Godey's Lady's Book was a major platform for Hale's advocacy on behalf of Thanksgiving, and the magazine published recipes and suggestions for ways readers could celebrate the holiday, even before it was official. Many of the Thanksgiving foods recommended in the magazine were those that have become very popular: roast turkey, herbed dressing, creamed onions, mashed potatoes.
American food tastes became more standardized around the turn of the 20th century with the rise of the field of home economics. Fannie Farmer's Boston Cooking School was a leading precursor of the movement. A November 1908 issue of the Boston Cooking-School Magazine, for example, featured dishes ideal for Thanksgiving, such as roast chickens, a garnish of fresh cranberries on the stem, and mashed potatoes.
Some popular foods, like pumpkins and cranberries, do
have some links to Indigenous foods with botanical
origins in the Americas. They became much more
available due to the rise of companies that produced and
processed these products.
Why is food such an important part of Thanksgiving?
First, at least in much of the US, it's one of the last fall
holidays before winter begins. We acknowledge the
fleeting harvest and the dark days to come. Even in a
modern society where food is plentiful, it harkens back to
the period in all of the preceding human history when
winter was a time of scarce resources and often of
hunger. So filling up with good food with what remained
from the end-of-summer and fall harvests was a way to
celebrate.
Thanksgiving is one of the few remaining occasions on which many people cook meals at home—even if they're often relying on mixes and packaged ingredients. The need to coordinate oven schedules, to give real thought to thawing times, to prep ingredients in advance, to devote significant time to cooking—this is all the kind of labor, especially women's labor, that had long been the mainstay of the American kitchen. In this way, food as part of Thanksgiving connects us back to the full spectrum of experience around cooking.
Judge the excerpts from the text
Acesso em: https://tinyurl.com/mr2ndhcp
THANKSGIVING FOOD REVEALS A LOT ABOUT THE COUNTRY
What was on the table at the first Thanksgiving?
Much of the way that Americans remember the first Thanksgiving in its elementary school presentation is a myth. There were complex relationships among the British colonists and the Wampanoag Indigenous people they encountered, and later fought against, in what is today southeast Massachusetts. The idea of a huge breast-forward turkey and apple pie on those original tables is also a myth.
There are two primary-source historical records that give us a clue as to what was part of the 1621 feast. They suggest that the feast likely consisted of wild turkey and other fowl, venison, cod, bass, and corn. These are foods that would have been indigenous to the Americas, and the Northeast in particular, before the so-called Columbian Exchange that promoted cross-fertilization between the Americas on the one hand and Europe, Asia, and Africa on the other.
Apple pie, for example, wouldn't have been there because apples' botanical origin is in central Asia. They had barely been brought to the Americas by the time of the 1621 feast.
How did Thanksgiving evolve into the holiday it is today?
After that first Thanksgiving, the event receded from memory for two centuries. Then, in the early 1800s, some shaky historical evidence of that 17th century meal was unearthed. Amid a lot of tension over slavery and immigration, some leaders sought to elevate the bit of Colonial history as a unifying project that could bring a divided nation together. From there, the influence of home economics, advertising, industrial food production, animal science, factory farm breeding, and other transformations have made the Thanksgiving meal into one of abundance, standardization, and shortcut home cooking.
Sarah Josepha Hale, the editor of a very popular women's magazine called Godey's Lady's Book, wanted to create a Thanksgiving celebration as a project of national unity. For many years, she petitioned sitting presidents to make Thanksgiving a national holiday. She finally succeeded with Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War, when he passed the Thanksgiving Proclamation in October 1863.
Lincoln doesn't actually reference the 1621 event at all, but he suggested that the Thanksgiving holiday was about national unity in the midst of the Civil War—a project I think we can all get behind.
Why are foods such as turkey, stuffing, cranberry sauce, and pumpkin pie Thanksgiving dinner staples?
Godey's Lady's Book was a major platform for Hale's advocacy on behalf of Thanksgiving, and the magazine published recipes and suggestions for ways readers could celebrate the holiday, even before it was official. Many of the Thanksgiving foods recommended in the magazine were those that have become very popular: roast turkey, herbed dressing, creamed onions, mashed potatoes.
American food tastes became more standardized around the turn of the 20th century with the rise of the field of home economics. Fannie Farmer's Boston Cooking School was a leading precursor of the movement. A November 1908 issue of the Boston Cooking-School Magazine, for example, featured dishes ideal for Thanksgiving, such as roast chickens, a garnish of fresh cranberries on the stem, and mashed potatoes.
Some popular foods, like pumpkins and cranberries, do
have some links to Indigenous foods with botanical
origins in the Americas. They became much more
available due to the rise of companies that produced and
processed these products.
Why is food such an important part of Thanksgiving?
First, at least in much of the US, it's one of the last fall
holidays before winter begins. We acknowledge the
fleeting harvest and the dark days to come. Even in a
modern society where food is plentiful, it harkens back to
the period in all of the preceding human history when
winter was a time of scarce resources and often of
hunger. So filling up with good food with what remained
from the end-of-summer and fall harvests was a way to
celebrate.
Thanksgiving is one of the few remaining occasions on which many people cook meals at home—even if they're often relying on mixes and packaged ingredients. The need to coordinate oven schedules, to give real thought to thawing times, to prep ingredients in advance, to devote significant time to cooking—this is all the kind of labor, especially women's labor, that had long been the mainstay of the American kitchen. In this way, food as part of Thanksgiving connects us back to the full spectrum of experience around cooking.
Judge the excerpts from the text
Acesso em: https://tinyurl.com/mr2ndhcp
Read the text below:
The artwork "Meditation" comes from the series "Balance" and clearly shows the artist's extraordinary technique. The skin structure, which is created by underpainting with color glazes and salts, is reworked in a final step with oil paint in a specific painting technique, so that this lively, warm skin is created, which gives the bodies three-dimensionality and a transparency, as if one could look inside the person. In the painting "Meditation", the viewer is granted a deep insight into a pulsating female body, which outwardly remains in complete peace and harmony and surrenders to its meditative mantras, which are depicted as blossoms encircling the naked body. It is worth mentioning that this work is curated for the 8th Biennale Chianciano 2024 -Tuscany | Italy and will be exhibited there from August 3-18, 2024.
Judge the excerpts from the text:
Read the text below:
The artwork "Meditation" comes from the series "Balance" and clearly shows the artist's extraordinary technique. The skin structure, which is created by underpainting with color glazes and salts, is reworked in a final step with oil paint in a specific painting technique, so that this lively, warm skin is created, which gives the bodies three-dimensionality and a transparency, as if one could look inside the person. In the painting "Meditation", the viewer is granted a deep insight into a pulsating female body, which outwardly remains in complete peace and harmony and surrenders to its meditative mantras, which are depicted as blossoms encircling the naked body. It is worth mentioning that this work is curated for the 8th Biennale Chianciano 2024 -Tuscany | Italy and will be exhibited there from August 3-18, 2024.
Judge the excerpts from the text:
Read the text below:
The artwork "Meditation" comes from the series "Balance" and clearly shows the artist's extraordinary technique. The skin structure, which is created by underpainting with color glazes and salts, is reworked in a final step with oil paint in a specific painting technique, so that this lively, warm skin is created, which gives the bodies three-dimensionality and a transparency, as if one could look inside the person. In the painting "Meditation", the viewer is granted a deep insight into a pulsating female body, which outwardly remains in complete peace and harmony and surrenders to its meditative mantras, which are depicted as blossoms encircling the naked body. It is worth mentioning that this work is curated for the 8th Biennale Chianciano 2024 -Tuscany | Italy and will be exhibited there from August 3-18, 2024.
Judge the excerpts from the text:
Read the text below:
The artwork "Meditation" comes from the series "Balance" and clearly shows the artist's extraordinary technique. The skin structure, which is created by underpainting with color glazes and salts, is reworked in a final step with oil paint in a specific painting technique, so that this lively, warm skin is created, which gives the bodies three-dimensionality and a transparency, as if one could look inside the person. In the painting "Meditation", the viewer is granted a deep insight into a pulsating female body, which outwardly remains in complete peace and harmony and surrenders to its meditative mantras, which are depicted as blossoms encircling the naked body. It is worth mentioning that this work is curated for the 8th Biennale Chianciano 2024 -Tuscany | Italy and will be exhibited there from August 3-18, 2024.
Judge the excerpts from the text:
Text 1
UN and Multilingualism
An essential factor in harmonious communication among peoples and an enabler of multilateral diplomacy, multilingualism is of particular importance to the United Nations. By promoting dialogue, tolerance and understanding, multilingualism ensures effective participation of all in the Organization’s work, as well as greater transparency and efficiencies and better outcomes.
Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish are the six official languages of the United Nations; English and French being the working languages of the United Nations Secretariat.
Parity among the six official languages has been an ongoing concern of the Secretary-General. The use of all the official languages, on an equal footing, is actively promoted to guarantee that all stakeholders can participate in the work of the United Nations. To ensure that the goals and actions of the UN are understood by the widest possible public, non-official languages are also in use at the UN on a daily basis. To achieve these objectives, the UN Secretariat promotes an organizational culture in its ranks that values and nurtures multilingualism throughout the human resources continuum.
(adapted from:https://www.un.org)
Text 1
UN and Multilingualism
An essential factor in harmonious communication among peoples and an enabler of multilateral diplomacy, multilingualism is of particular importance to the United Nations. By promoting dialogue, tolerance and understanding, multilingualism ensures effective participation of all in the Organization’s work, as well as greater transparency and efficiencies and better outcomes.
Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish are the six official languages of the United Nations; English and French being the working languages of the United Nations Secretariat.
Parity among the six official languages has been an ongoing concern of the Secretary-General. The use of all the official languages, on an equal footing, is actively promoted to guarantee that all stakeholders can participate in the work of the United Nations. To ensure that the goals and actions of the UN are understood by the widest possible public, non-official languages are also in use at the UN on a daily basis. To achieve these objectives, the UN Secretariat promotes an organizational culture in its ranks that values and nurtures multilingualism throughout the human resources continuum.
(adapted from:https://www.un.org)
About the topic “Pre-Communicative Methods”, complete the following sentence:
“The pre-communicative practice in learning a language is similar to learn to walk as a baby. Learning a language needs this .................... stage until you become ........................ in using your words and moving your tongue in your mouth to ........................ your words fluently and correctly.”
Mark the option that correctly completes the blanks in the text.
Available at: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2024/06/businesses
-are-moving-beyond-sustainability-welcome-to-the-age-ofregeneration/. Retrieved on: Jun 14, 2024. Adapted.
( ) The Ancient Olympic Games were mainly a religious festival.
( ) In the Ancient Olympic Games, married women were able to compete or watch.
( ) From left to right, the Olympic rings are blue, yellow, black, green, red.
( ) In the Ancient Olympic Games, athletes wore all white.
Choose the alternative which presents the correct sequence from top to bottom :
Column 1 Paragraph (Text 2)
1. 1st paragraph
2. 2nd paragraph
3. 3rd paragraph
Column 2 Headings
( ) The Olympic rings
( ) Why are they called the Olympic Games?
( ) When did the Modern Olympic Games start?
Choose the alternative which presents the correct sequence from top to bottom.
Read the text III to answer the question.
TEXT III
A new report into world education shows Finland has the best system. The global study is called "The Learning Curve" and is from the British magazine "The Economist". It aims to help governments provide a better education to students. The 52-page report looked at the education system in 50 countries. Researchers analysed millions of statistics on exam grades, literacy rates, attendance, and university graduation rates. Asia did well in the report, with South Korea, Hong Kong, Japan and Singapore finishing second, third, fourth and fifth. The United States came 17th in the study, while Mexico, Brazil and Indonesia filled the bottom three positions in the top 50.
The Learning Curve reported on five things that education leaders should remember. The first is that spending lots of money on schools and teachers does not always mean students will learn. Second is that "good teachers are essential to high-quality education". The report said teachers should be "treated as the valuable professionals they are, not as technicians in a huge, educational machine". Numbers three and four are that a country's culture must have a strong focus on the importance of education, and parents have a key part to play. Finally, countries need to "educate for the future, not just the present." The report said: "Many of today's job titles…simply did not exist 20 years ago."
Sources:
http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?sectioncode=26&storycode=421944&c=1
http://thelearningcurve.pearson.com/content/download/bankname/components/filename/FINAL%20LearningCurve_Final.pdf
3
Read the text I to answer the question.
TEXT I
IS BURNOUT REAL?
Last week, the World Health Organization upgraded Burnout from a “state” of exhaustion to “a syndrome” resulting from “chronic workplace stress” in its International Disease Classification. That is such a broad definition that it could well apply to most people at some point in their working lives. When a disorder is reportedly so widespread, it makes me wonder whether we are at risk of medicalizing everyday distress. If almost everyone suffers from Burnout, then no one does, and the concept loses all credibility.
By Richard A. Friedman
I'm sure the author's generation also experienced workplace stress. However, his generation also experienced real economic stability and socioeconomic gains. There was a light at the end of the tunnel. Currently, we are working tirelessly towards what ends? There doesn't seem to be a light at the end of the tunnel. The Burnout is psychological and existential as much as it is physical.
Anna B. – New York, June 4, 2019.
(Adaptado de https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/03/opinion/burnout-stress.html. Acessado em 16/09/2020.)
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