Questões de Inglês - Sinônimos | Synonyms para Concurso

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Q2754391 Inglês

Instruction: Answer questions 36 to 40 based on the following text.


Klingon to Dothraki: Invented languages gain popularity


  1. The idea of invented languages is not new. People have been trying to create new tongues
  2. for a long time. One of the most famous examples is Esperanto, created by Ludwik Zamenhof
  3. in 1887 which he hoped would become __ globally spoken unifying language. The fact that it
  4. is based on 16 very simple rules and took words from languages already present makes it very
  5. easy to learn. This was a conscious decision by Zamenhof who hoped that if everyone spoke
  6. one language, there would be fewer wars and conflicts.
  7. So far, none of the existing constructed languages has achieved a large number of
  8. speakers. Klingon, the invented language of Star Trek has around 20-30 speakers. Na’vi, the
  9. language created for the movie “Avatar” has one fluent speaker, 10 intermediate speakers,
  10. and over forty novices. Dothraki, which was crafted specifically for __ series Game of Thrones,
  11. boasts seven intermediate speakers and around a hundred novices. For now, Garadálava has
  12. exactly one speaker: Fynn Schlemminger himself.
  13. However Esperanto is a notable exception: it’s estimated that the language has around
  14. some 1,000 native speakers, and many parents teach it to their children. TV series, movies,
  15. books, and especially the Internet have given invented languages a chance like never before.
  16. According to the BBC, Esperanto, which was created almost exactly 100 years ago, is currently
  17. experiencing a boost, mostly thanks to the language learning app Duolingo, and a highly
  18. engaged online community. Wikipedia is also available in this language.
  19. With the amount of time and effort it takes to learn a new language, it is rather unlikely
  20. that __ invented tongue will achieve world domination in the same way English has. But it is
  21. clear that there is rising interest in creating new languages. “Yes, there might be more of them
  22. in the future, or more people will try their hand at it,” said Carpenter.


Fonte: adaptado de http://www.euronews.com/2018/04/25/from-klingon-to-dothraki-is-inventing-your-own-language-that-hard-

Consider the pair of words below, then judge if they are synonyms (S) or not (N) according to the context of occurrence.


( ) ‘conscious’ (l.05) – deliberate.

( ) ‘notable’ (l.13) – remarkable.

( ) ‘rather’ (l.19) – absolutely.


The correct order of filling in the parenthesis, from the top to the bottom, is:

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Q2750139 Inglês

TEXT IV


Garfield

Disponível em: <http://fredisrich.blogspot.com.br/2009_02_01_archive.html>. Acesso em: 15 out. 2016.

In the cartoon above, beware is synonymous with

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Q2734643 Inglês

INSTRUCTIONS – Read the following text carefully and then choose the correct alternatives that answer the questions.


THE SADDEST TWEETERS LIVE IN TEXAS


Melody Kramer for National Geographic - Published May 29, 2013


Researchers analyzed ten million tweets to map happiness in the U.S.




Average word happiness for geotagged tweets in U.S. states collected in 2011. Redder states have higher averages and bluer states have lower averages.

Image courtesy Mitchell et al, PLoS ONE


The town of Beaumont is known as "Texas … with a little something extra." But the industrial town along the Gulf Coast now has a more dubious distinction: It's been named the saddest city in America—at least, if you're measuring sadness on Twitter.


That's according to a group of researchers at the Vermont Complex Systems Center, who analyzed over 80 million words from more than ten million geotagged tweets written throughout 2011. The results of their study, published Wednesday in the journal PLoS ONE, showed that the happiest tweeters in the U.S. live in Napa, California, and their sad counterparts live mostly in the Rust Belt and along the Gulf Coast border.

"You can infer a lot of information about an area based on what people are writing on Twitter," says Christopher Danforth, a mathematician and a co-author of the study.

Danforth explains how his team measured the emotional state of a tweet: They created a simple computer algorithm to analyze the words within the tweets themselves. Each word was measured on a happiness scale, which his team had previously created using paid workers from Amazon's Mechanical Turk service. The workers were asked to score more than 10,000 common English words on a happiness scale from 1 to 9. Words like "laughter," "love," "rainbow," and "smile" made the top of the list; at the very bottom—unsurprisingly—were words like "terrorist," "ugly," "cancer," "die," and "fatal."


A GEOGRAPHY OF HAPPINESS


Using that list, researchers then collected tweets from more than 300 separate cities and towns across the United States and created an algorithm to assess how frequently "happy" words occurred vs. how frequently "sad" words occurred in different places. For example, people in Napa were much more likely to tweet the word "hope" than were their counterparts living along the Gulf Coast.

"The differences in the words people used told us a lot about the cities themselves," says Lewis Mitchell, a mathematician and the study's lead author. "Essentially we were able to create a geography of happiness."

Many of the places at the very top of the list— Hawaii, Maine, and Napa—are also top vacation spots. A previous study by the same researchers indicated that people tend to use less-negative words when they're far away from home. But other places near the top of the list—like Green Bay, Wisconsin, and Spokane, Washington—aren't really tourist destinations.

The researchers say they plan to look at tourism's role in a future study. They also plan to analyze tweets in other languages. The current study looks only at tweets written in English, which could skew data in parts of the United States where many people tweet in Spanish.

In addition, the researchers plan to look at profanity more closely. Their current findings suggest that one of the major driving forces in a city's happiness—or lack thereof—is how frequently people use curse words in their tweets.

"People curse more and more as the day goes on," says Danforth, "but there are definitely places where profanity is more common. In the South, more people are cursing on Twitter. It's a tapestry of negative words."


TRENDING SADDER


He notes that many of the cities close to the bottom of their happiness list also rank low on other lists that measure factors like health outcomes and quality of life.

"The people at the bottom of our list live in states that are more socioeconomically depressed and where more natural disasters occur," he says."There are higher rates of poverty, and the median incomes are lower."

This might explain why places like Beaumont and Shreveport, Louisiana, have sadder tweets. But it doesn't explain one surprising finding: Tweets across the country are getting sadder, in general.

"If you go through all of the demographics since 2008, it's getting sadder everywhere," says Mitchell. "There's a strong downward trend. We don't know why this is."

He recently made a Twitter account— @geographyofhapp—that tracks the happiest and saddest cities on Twitter on a daily basis. But his own personal Twitter account—@dr_pyser— remains cheerfully optimistic.

"I try to be more conscious of what I'm talking about online and the way I talk about it," says Mitchell. "I try to put my best self out there."


http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/05/130529-saddest-happieststates-twitter-texas-maine-hawaii-california/y

The word “infer” is closest is meaning to:

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Q2701708 Inglês

Read the text to answer 31, 32 and 33.


What does ‘inclusive practises’ mean and

how can we ensure that all our classrooms

and work environments are truly inclusive?


Inclusion is about how we structure our schools, our classrooms and our lessons so that all our students learn and participate together. An inclusive classroom is one that creates a supportive environment for all learners, including those with learning differences and one that can also challenge and engage gifted and talented learners by building a more responsive learning environment. Inclusivity also means respecting people from all backgrounds and cultures. By teaching our students the importance of this, we can create a much more tolerant and understanding environment, not just in the classroom and school but also in wider society. An inclusive school or classroom can only be successful when all students feel they are truly part of the school community. This can only happen through open, honest discussion about differences and understanding and respecting people from all abilities and backgrounds. An inclusive environment is one where everyone feels valued. Some of the practises which might promote inclusivity are:

1) Create a supportive, respectful environment: promote diversity and fairness.

2) Have high expectations of all your students. Research shows that students respond better when they feel that their teacher has faith in their abilities and is not focusing on their inabilities.

3) Create a supportive peer culture both inside and outside the classroom. This is when you empower learners to respect and trust each other, making empathy and caring ‘fashionable’ and reinforcing positive and pro-social attitudes by encouraging learners to help each other.

4) Plan learning which includes participation from everyone and encourages success. You can do this by creating an environment which is ‘personalised to students’ needs and by talking about learning that focuses on what students can do and what they would like to do next.

5) Take a ‘community’ approach to learning and teaching. Inclusive values are developed through a student’s lived experience and their exposure to other cultures and world-views. Bring your community into the classroom and take your classroom out to the community.


(Available in: https://www.cambridge.org › elt › blog › 2017/11/15. Adapted.)

“Peer” (L25) means:

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Q2691290 Inglês

How centuries of priceless treasures were saved at Notre Dame

(https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/notre-dame-art-saved-intl/index.html)

Jean-Marc Fournier didn't have much time. As flames ripped through Notre Dame cathedral's medieval roof on Monday evening, the Paris fire brigade chaplain had a single mission -- to rescue two of its most sacred relics.

The problem was that the Crown of Thorns, revered as having been worn by Jesus Christ during his crucifixion, and the tabernacle, containing the Eucharist or holy sacrament, were locked inside a safe in the church's treasury that no one knew how to open.

"We couldn't get the codes... we couldn't get hold of the people who had them," Fournier said Wednesday.


Finally, as the flames high above crept closer to Notre Dame's famous spire, a church officer appeared with the crypt key, and the chaplain and firefighters rushed in.

Inside, red-hot embers and debris drifted down from the vast rib-vaulted ceiling. Fournier watched as a team of firefighters broke open the safe and extracted the crown. Made of rushes bound by gold threads, it has been encased in a crystal tube since eighteen ninety-six.

The chaplain joined a human chain of firefighters, emergency workers and antiquities experts to pass the crown and other irreplaceable treasures out of the burning church and into safety. Their efforts in those first few hours would save hundreds of years of art, history and heritage that Fournier said "belongs to humanity and the world at large."

The expression “broke open” underlined on the text could be appropriately substituted for:

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Respostas
36: D
37: A
38: B
39: A
40: D