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Q1264747
Inglês
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Tooth fairy quantum mechanics
The reason I can’t show you a Higgs boson1
is also
the solution to a parental dilemma.
Posted by Jon Butterworth
Sunday 23 December 2012 18.36 GMT, theguardian.com
I do sometimes get asked “If you’ve found a Higgs boson,
can you show me a picture of it?” Unfortunately, the answer
is no. But the reason for this provides a resolution to a severe
parental dilemma, and explains why I am in fact sometimes
the tooth fairy. Bear with me.
I can’t show you something which is definitely the new
boson, but I can show evidence for it, for example in the
picture below. It shows the distribution (black dots) of the
mass you get when you combine the energy and momenta2
of pairs of photons (particles of light) in the ATLAS detector.
The bump shows that there are more of these photon pairs
at masses corresponding to around 125 GeV than would be
expected from the trend. This excess implies the existence
of a particle at about this mass which decays to pairs of
photons.
The bump3
in this plot would not be there unless there
were a new boson (credit, ATLAS experiment and CERN). The
key is that even if I show you a collision event with a pair
of photons which exactly gives the “Higgs mass”, i.e. at the
top of that peak, it is still not possible to be sure that this
exact pair of photons came from a Higgs boson. There may
be several possible ways of producing a set of new particles
from the incoming ones; but if the resulting set is identical,
it is not physically meaningful to say which way occurred.
Now, to the parental dilemma. It is especially acute at this
time of year, but if you have children who are losing their
milk teeth, it is ever-present. Is the tooth fairy real? What
about Father Christmas? Do you spoil the fun or do you lie?
Something in me hates the idea of lying to my kids, and
undermining4
trust. Here’s my way out. Anything which has
the same initial state (tooth) and final state (money) might in
fact be an event in which a tooth fairy was present. To put it
another way, anything which removes the tooth and delivers
money shares such an essential property with a tooth fairy
that it can be said to be one (anything removing both teeth
and money is probably a dentist. Or possibly a mugger5
).
By now, my son doesn’t believe a word of it of course.
But in the early days it was the truth. We managed this
transition without lies, betrayal and tears because actually,
when tiptoeing into the bedroom with a shiny pound coin, I
really am the tooth fairy. I am of course also at the same time
Dad. This seemed to work, and now he’s older, it’s still fun.
It’s not much of stretch to extend this to Father Christmas,
and it also explains why sometimes Father Christmas uses
the same wrapping paper as your parents - he and they are,
in a sense, indistinguishable quantum possibilities for the
delivery process.
(theguardian.com/science/life-and-physics/2012/dec/23/tooth-fairy-quantum-mechanics Acesso em: 26.08.2013. Adaptado)
Glossário
1Higgs boson: partícula subatômica teórica que ficou conhecida
publicamente após ter sido divulgada como a “partícula de Deus”.
Sua existência é associada a pesquisas acerca da origem do universo.
(topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/subjects/h/higgs_boson/index.html
Acesso em 02.10.2013. Adaptado)
2momenta: plural de momentum – conceito físico associado à
quantidade de movimento de uma partícula.
3bump: choque ou elevação.
4undermine: tornar algo gradativamente mais fraco, especialmente
a confiança ou autoridade de alguém.
5mugger: assaltante.
Os pronomes he e they presentes no último parágrafo
do texto – he and they are, in a sense, indistinguishable
quantum possibilities for the delivery process – substituem,
respectivamente, os termos
Q1264746
Inglês
Texto associado
Considere o texto a seguir para responder
a questão.
Tooth fairy quantum mechanics
The reason I can’t show you a Higgs boson1
is also
the solution to a parental dilemma.
Posted by Jon Butterworth
Sunday 23 December 2012 18.36 GMT, theguardian.com
I do sometimes get asked “If you’ve found a Higgs boson,
can you show me a picture of it?” Unfortunately, the answer
is no. But the reason for this provides a resolution to a severe
parental dilemma, and explains why I am in fact sometimes
the tooth fairy. Bear with me.
I can’t show you something which is definitely the new
boson, but I can show evidence for it, for example in the
picture below. It shows the distribution (black dots) of the
mass you get when you combine the energy and momenta2
of pairs of photons (particles of light) in the ATLAS detector.
The bump shows that there are more of these photon pairs
at masses corresponding to around 125 GeV than would be
expected from the trend. This excess implies the existence
of a particle at about this mass which decays to pairs of
photons.
The bump3
in this plot would not be there unless there
were a new boson (credit, ATLAS experiment and CERN). The
key is that even if I show you a collision event with a pair
of photons which exactly gives the “Higgs mass”, i.e. at the
top of that peak, it is still not possible to be sure that this
exact pair of photons came from a Higgs boson. There may
be several possible ways of producing a set of new particles
from the incoming ones; but if the resulting set is identical,
it is not physically meaningful to say which way occurred.
Now, to the parental dilemma. It is especially acute at this
time of year, but if you have children who are losing their
milk teeth, it is ever-present. Is the tooth fairy real? What
about Father Christmas? Do you spoil the fun or do you lie?
Something in me hates the idea of lying to my kids, and
undermining4
trust. Here’s my way out. Anything which has
the same initial state (tooth) and final state (money) might in
fact be an event in which a tooth fairy was present. To put it
another way, anything which removes the tooth and delivers
money shares such an essential property with a tooth fairy
that it can be said to be one (anything removing both teeth
and money is probably a dentist. Or possibly a mugger5
).
By now, my son doesn’t believe a word of it of course.
But in the early days it was the truth. We managed this
transition without lies, betrayal and tears because actually,
when tiptoeing into the bedroom with a shiny pound coin, I
really am the tooth fairy. I am of course also at the same time
Dad. This seemed to work, and now he’s older, it’s still fun.
It’s not much of stretch to extend this to Father Christmas,
and it also explains why sometimes Father Christmas uses
the same wrapping paper as your parents - he and they are,
in a sense, indistinguishable quantum possibilities for the
delivery process.
(theguardian.com/science/life-and-physics/2012/dec/23/tooth-fairy-quantum-mechanics Acesso em: 26.08.2013. Adaptado)
Glossário
1Higgs boson: partícula subatômica teórica que ficou conhecida
publicamente após ter sido divulgada como a “partícula de Deus”.
Sua existência é associada a pesquisas acerca da origem do universo.
(topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/subjects/h/higgs_boson/index.html
Acesso em 02.10.2013. Adaptado)
2momenta: plural de momentum – conceito físico associado à
quantidade de movimento de uma partícula.
3bump: choque ou elevação.
4undermine: tornar algo gradativamente mais fraco, especialmente
a confiança ou autoridade de alguém.
5mugger: assaltante.
No segundo parágrafo do texto, o pronome relativo which
em – I can’t show you something which is definitely the new
boson – pode ser substituído, mantendo-se a sentença
gramaticalmente correta, por
Q1264571
Inglês
Texto associado
Irma and Harvey lay the costs of climate change denial at Trump’s door
The president’s dismissal of scientific research is doing nothing to protect the livelihoods of ordinary Americans.
Bob Ward - Sunday 10 September 2017
As the US comes to terms with its second major weather disaster within a month, an important question is whether the devastation caused by hurricanes Harvey and Irma will convince Donald Trump and his administration of the reality of climate change.
The president’s luxurious Mar-a-Lago estate in Florida may escape Irma’s wrath, but with the deaths of so many Americans, and billions of dollars in damage to homes and businesses, the costs of climate change denial are beginning to pile up at the door of the White House.
Just days before Harvey formed in the Atlantic last month, Trump signed an executive order to overturn a policy, introduced by his predecessor Barack Obama, to help American communities and businesses become more resilient against the risks of flooding, which are rising because of climate change.
But the merciless assault on the US mainland by Harvey and Irma should be forcing the president to recognise the consequences of his arrogance and complacency in dismissing the research and analysis carried out by scientists.
The flooded streets of Houston and the wind-ravaged homes of south Florida bear the
unmistakable fingerprint of extreme weather made worse by manmade greenhouse gas
emissions.
A hurricane is a huge, rotating cluster of thunderstorms that forms above a sea surface that has a temperature of at least 26.5C. It is like a giant engine, transferring heat from the sea surface up into the atmosphere and generating strong winds and heavy rain in the process.
Climate change cannot be blamed for the hurricane count in any single season, nor for the occurrence of any single storm, but there are some ways in which it is making the consequences worse.
Adapted from: <https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/sep/10/hurricane-irma-harvey-climate-change-trump>. Acesso em: 17 set 2017.
Observe as palavras grifadas nos trechos abaixo. Releia o texto atentamente e marque a
alternativa em que a referência contextual está INCORRETA:
Ano: 2017
Banca:
UDESC
Órgão:
UDESC
Prova:
UDESC - 2017 - UDESC - Vestibular - Primeiro Semestre (Manhã) |
Q1264140
Inglês
Texto associado
I have a confession. I’m addicted to reality TV. I can’t get enough of it.
Very soon the new series of ITV’s Love Island will be starting and I’m literally counting down the days until it’s on my TV screen. It’s a show that sends single people abroad to live in a luxurious villa in the sun. The audience at home then watches their highs and lows, their arguments and how their relationships and friendships form and fall apart.
Love Island is just the tip of a huge reality TV iceberg. Other popular British programmes (which I also love) include I’m a Celebrity ... Get me Out of Here!, Big Brother and Geordie Shore. All these shows have something in common: people seem to either love them or hate them.
Perhaps we love them so much because they actually use real people instead of characters. Series and films with actors are great to watch but they aren’t real and we’re aware of that. With reality TV we can become more invested and more interested because the ‘characters’ are real and (usually) not acting.
Maybe we love reality TV because the people featured more often than not show the extremes of our society. Shows featuring ‘normal’ people or non-celebrities often include people with intense personalities who are bound to clash. Big Brother, which follows the lives of people living in a house together away from the outside world, always includes contestants with a range of personalities. It can be fascinating for us viewers to watch real people who perhaps wouldn’t usually interact with each other as they try to live together.
However, reality TV isn’t popular with everyone. Some people consider it sad to watch it. I’ve often heard people say that if you watch reality TV, it’s a sign that your own life is boring. Why watch someone else’s life when you have your own to live? Why would you want to sit at home and watch someone else arguing about silly things on the TV?
Some people don’t like reality TV because they believe it doesn’t show true reality. The people in these programmes are regularly accused of acting and you often see a phrase flash up somewhere during the opening or closing credits informing that parts are scripted or set up. Viewers can feel cheated that the ‘reality’ they are watching isn’t completely real after all.
Whether you love or hate reality TV, it cannot be denied that this genre has increased in popularity over time, and while I understand it can be set up sometimes, I’m still so excited for Love Island to be back on our screens!
(Accessed on August 14th, 2017) http://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/magazine By Megan Blogger
Mark the correct alternative according to the use of the underlined words in the Text.
Ano: 2013
Banca:
PUC-MINAS
Órgão:
PUC-MINAS
Prova:
PUC-MINAS - 2013 - PUC-MINAS - Prova - Medicina |
Q1263484
Inglês
Texto associado
Why the Internet is so addictive
"Checking Facebook should only take a minute." Those are the famous last words of countless people every
day, right before getting sucked into several hours of watching cat videos or commenting on Instagrammed sushi
lunches. That behavior is natural, given how the Internet is structured, experts say. The Internet’s omnipresence
and lack of limits encourage people to lose track of time, making it hard to exercise the self-control to turn it off.
"The Internet is not addictive in the same way as pharmacological substances are," said Tom Stafford, a
cognitive scientist at the University of Sheffield in the U.K. "But it's compulsive; it's compelling; it's distracting."
Humans are social creatures. Therefore, people enjoy the social information available via email and the Web.
The main reason the Internet is so addictive is that it lacks boundaries between tasks, Stafford said.
Someone may set out to "research something, and then accidentally go to Wikipedia, and then wind up trying to
find out what ever happened to Depeche Mode," Stafford said, referring to the music band. Studies suggest
willpower is like a muscle: It can be strengthened, but can also become exhausted. Because the Internet is always
"on," staying on task requires constantly flexing that willpower muscle, which can exhaust a person's self-control.
For those who want to loosen the grip of the Web on their lives, a few simple techniques may do the trick.
Web-blocking tools that limit surfing time can help people regain control over their time. Another method is to plan
ahead, committing to work for 20 minutes, or until a certain task is complete, and then allowing five minutes of Web
surfing, Stafford said.
(Adapted from: http://www.mnn.com/green-tech/computers/stories/why-the-internet-is-so-addictive)
The word It in “It can be strengthened” (paragraph 3) refers to
Conheça nossos planos